Database

[{_id:1,flavor:"chocolate"},{_id:2,flavor:"strawberry"},{_id:3,flavor:"cherry"}]

Query

db.collection.update({$expr:{$eq:["$flavor","$$targetFlavor"]}},[{$set:{flavor:"$$newFlavor"}}],{let:{targetFlavor:"cherry",newFlavor:"orange"},multi:true})

Result