Database

[{"_id":{"$oid":"63e8af476a3674484ea14888"},"my_id":321123,"version":0,"parameters":[{"a":1},{"a":1,"b":2}]}]

Query

db.collection.update({"my_id":321123},[{"$set":{parameters:{"$concatArrays":["$parameters",[{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3}]]}}},{"$set":{version:{"$subtract":[{$size:"$parameters"},1]}},}],{upsert:true})

Result